https://gprjournals.org/journals/index.php/ijea <p><strong>International Journal of Engineering and Architecture</strong> (IJEA) is a peer-reviewed journal published by GPR Journals. The scope of IJEA is full range of engineering fields such as Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computing &amp; Software Engineering, Control Engineering &amp; Robotics, Electrical &amp; Electronic Engineering, Energy Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, etc. IJEA also covers architectural fields such as Architectural Design &amp; Theory, Architectural Heritage Conservation, Architectural Science &amp; Technology, Landscaping Architecture, Urban Planning, etc. This journal strives to promote scientifically robust research in emerging engineering fields. Manuscripts submitted to this journal are published online and can be printed as hard copies upon author’ request. Papers can be submitted via email to <a href="mailto:journals@gprjournals.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">journals@gprjournals.org</a> or <a href="https://gprjournals.org/online-submission/">online submission.</a></p> Global Peer Reviewed Journals en-US International Journal of Engineering and Architecture 2958-5287 <p><em>The authors retain the copyright and grant this journal right of first publication. This license allows other people to freely share and adapt the work but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. They may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.</em></p> https://gprjournals.org/journals/index.php/ijea/article/view/420 <p><strong>Aim: </strong>In recent years, the complexity of large .NET applications has necessitated better design pattern application in order to facilitate scalability, maintainability, and flexibility. Enterprise applications with high transactional volumes and numerous data sources need strong architectures to support performance and reliability requirements. Design patterns offer plug-and-play solutions to solve these issues, but their extension into .NET environments is largely unexplored. This research seeks to investigate the use of design patterns in big .NET applications, determining prominent patterns, challenges, and best practices. Through their function within enterprise scenarios, the research will offer concrete recommendations for developers to enhance system performance and design.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on 23 peer-reviewed articles and selected open-source .NET repositories, using a systematic review and code analysis to extract recurring design patterns, implementation trends, and challenges. The findings indicate that Repository, Unit of Work, and Dependency Injection patterns greatly improve scalability and maintainability.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>These results imply that .NET programmers need to give prime importance to well-established patterns such as Repository, Unit of Work, and Dependency Injection for enterprise requirements, while using caution with complicated patterns to enhance system performance and maintainability. This equilibrium is essential in creating durable .NET applications in high-risk enterprise settings.</p> Vamshi Krishna Jakkula Copyright (c) 2025 Vamshi Krishna Jakkula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-10-07 2025-10-07 2 2 1 17 10.58425/ijea.v2i2.420 https://gprjournals.org/journals/index.php/ijea/article/view/433 <p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cloud retail companies today require high availability, scalability, and compliance in order to provide smooth service delivery and enhanced customer experience. Although previous work, such as recent literature reviews of the confluence of AI-DevOps for predictive maintenance, has claimed promising progress in automation and resiliency, issues such as data quality problems, model drift, integration complexity, and standardization gaps remain. The purpose of this study is to critically assess the use of ITIL frameworks in governing large-scale retail cloud operations by evaluating whether ITIL frameworks enable service reliability, scalability, and compliance.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to accomplish this, we used a systematic literature review method by analyzing and synthesizing forty publications that agreed to peer review and were published from 2018 to 2024, to uncover common themes, benefits, and disadvantages in ITIL-based frameworks used in cloud governance.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that the adoption of ITIL frameworks supports substantively improved efficiency in change and incident management, grows operational transparency, and strengthens compliance alignment across hybrid and multi-cloud retail infrastructures. Conversely, there are challenges related to the more static and rigid structuring of ITIL frameworks, integrated AI-DevOps workflows, and adapting ITIL frameworks to incorporate dynamic, cloud-native contingencies. Integrative autonomous technology is forecasted to establish leaner and resilient governance with more consistency.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report that integrating ITIL 4 principles with tech-enabled approaches, such as DevOps, AIOps, or self-healing systems, will lead to improved agility, resilience, and consistency in governance.</p> <p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>Future studies and industry are recommended to adopt the concepts advanced by adaptive ITIL models while ensuring to draw from AI-based predictive analytics and continuous improvement loops, as options to a governing decision support framework that suits the increasingly disruptive features of digital retail ecology.</p> Suresh Gangula Copyright (c) 2025 Suresh Gangula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-06 2025-11-06 2 2 18 34 10.58425/ijea.v2i2.433