Principal’s Participatory Leadership Approaches: An Effective Tool for Teacher Effectiveness in Fako Division, Cameroon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58425/jetm.v2i1.133Keywords:
Participatory leadership, decision-making, democratic leadership, collective leadership, teacher effectiveness.Abstract
Aim: This study intended to investigate the relationship between principal’s participatory leadership approaches and teacher effectiveness in Fako Division, Cameroon.
Methods: Given a correlational design purpose, data were assembled by drawing a sample of six hundred (600) that is 588 teachers and 22 principals spread across five (5) sub-divisions in Fako Division Cameroon. The first instrument titled “Questionnaire for Principal’s Participatory Leadership Approaches” (QPPLA) comprises three subscales all reflecting a high degree of internal consistency, namely, participatory decision-making (α = 0.843), democratic leadership (α = 0.759), and collective leadership (α = 0.834). The second tool, Questionnaire for Teacher Effectiveness (QTE), also indicates good reliability (α = 0.813). Regarding the verification of the research questions and hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient was subsequently performed at the significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The study found that participatory decision-making, democratic leadership and collective leadership styles significantly exerted a strong and positive impact on teacher effectiveness. Ultimately, the findings suggest that the principals should properly use the combinations of participatory decision-making, democratic leadership and collective leadership styles since they are significant in teacher effectiveness in secondary schools in Fako Division, Cameroon.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a strong relationship between principal’s participatory leadership approaches and teacher effectiveness.
Recommendation: This study recommend principals to enhance and foster teacher effectiveness by adopting participatory leadership approaches in schools.
References
Abu Madigm, Abdel Karim. (2021). The degree to which primary school principals in Rahat region practice participatory leadership and its relationship to teachers' motivation level from the teachers' point of view. International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, (22), 163-181. https://www.ijohss.com/index.php/IJoHSS/article/view/259
Achimugu, L., & Obaka, H. P. (2019). Influence of Principals’ Leadership Styles on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Chemistry. Science Education International, 30(2).
Adeyemi, T. O. (2013). Head Teachers’ Leadership Styles’ and Teachers Job Satisfaction in Primary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(2), 69–79.
Afe, J. O. (2003). Teacher Effectiveness: Imperative for Implementing Universal Basic Education in Nigeria. Journal of Nigeria Academy of Education, 1(1), 1-9.
Aina, J. K. (2013). Effective Teaching and Learning in Science Education through information and Communication Technology [ICT]. IOSR Journal of Research and Method in Education, 2(5), 43-47
Akpan, A. A. (2013). Teacher effectiveness as a determinant of students‟ performance in mathematics: A theoretical review. Journal of Research Information in Education. 1(1) 89-99.
Al-Dajani, Ahmed. (2019). The degree of public school leaders’ practice of participatory leadership and its relationship to job satisfaction from the point of view of male and female teachers in the northern border region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al Baha University Journal of Human Sciences, (20), 91-117. https://bu.edu.sa/web/bujhs/vol.5-iss4.
Al-Mukhlafi, Muhammad. (2021). Reinventing administrative leadership in the light of modern theories and trends. Scientific Publishing Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Aunga, D. A. O. & Masare, O. (2017). Effect of leadership styles on teachers’ performance in primary schools of Arusha district, Tanzania. International Journal of Education Policy Research and Review, 4(4), 42-52.
Blase, J., & Blase, M. (2013). The Micropolitics of Instructions supervision: a call for research. Educational Administration Quarterly volume 38 issue 1, 06-44.
Benoliel, P.S. (2010). Who Benefit from Participative Management - University of Haifa. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(3), 285-308 file:///C:/Users/Senang/Downloads/Who_benefits_from_participative_management.pdf
Bryman, A. (2013). Leadership and organisations. Abingdon: Routledge Library Editions: Organisations: Theory & Behaviour.
Cherry, K. (2017). What is autocratic leadership? Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-autocratic-leadership-2795314
Cole GA (2005). Management: Theory and Practice, Essex, Spotwood. Balantune1 Coombs
Crane, T. (1979). Employee participation programs, group-based incentives, and company performance: A union-nonunion comparison. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 47(2), 594-600.
Darling-Hammond, L & Adamson, F (2010). Beyond basic skills: The role of performance assessment in achieving 21st century standards of learning. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.
Dunkin M. J (2007). Assessing teachers’ effectiveness. Issues in Educational Research, 7(1), 37-51.
Endaryono, B. T., Wasliman, I., Iriantara, Y., & Sauri, U. S. (2021). Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala SMK DALAM Meningkatkan Mutu Lulusan Berdaya Saing di SMK Bina Mandiri dan SMK Karya Guna 2 Kota Bekasi. Journal of Applied Business and Economics (JABE), 7(3), 357–366.
Falaye, B. A. & Awopeju, O. A. (2012). A revalidation of students‟ evaluation of teaching effectiveness rating scale. The African Symposium, 12(2), 18-28.
Godda, H. (208). Free secondary education and the changing roles of the heads of public schools in Tanzania: are they ready for new responsibilities? Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 1-23.
Goe, L., Bell, C., & Little, O. (2008). Approaches to Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness: A Research Synthesis. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED521228.pdf
Gokturk S and Mueller RO (2010) Multidimensionality of teacher participation in school decision making. Journal of Applied Sciences 10(14): 1421–1427.
Golarz, R. J., & Golarz, M. J. (1995). The Power of Participation: Improving Schools in a Democratic Society. Illinois: Research Press.
Haruni, J. M., & Mafwimbo, M. K. (2014). Influence of Leadership styles on Teachers job satisfaction: A case of selected Primary Schools in Songea and Morogoro Districts, Tanzania. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 6(4), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEAPS12.036
Herosita, Y. (2017). Implementasi Model Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Mengajar. Jurnal Daya Saing, 3(1), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.35446/dayasaing.v3i1.82.
Howcroft, D. and Wilson, M. (2003). Paradoxes of participatory practices: the Janus role of the systems developer, Information and Organization, 13(1), 1-24.
Huang, T. (2011). The relationship between headmasters’ leadership behaviour and teachers’ commitment in primary schools in the district of sarikei, Sarawak. International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2011). 29, 1725 – 1732. SciVerse Science Direct, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Hunt, B. C. (2009). Teacher effectiveness: A review of the international literature and its relevance for improving education in Latin America. Partnership for Educational Revitalization in the Americas: Working Paper Series No 43.
Jalilizadeh, M., Abbasi, H., & Mohammadi, S. (2013). The Relationship Between Principals Leadership Styles with Performance of Physical Education Teachers in Secondary Schools in Western Provinces of Iran. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 2(4), 1-7.
Jamalulail, A.W., Aida Hanim, A.H., Suriati, Z &Md Fuad, M.R. (2013) The relationship between head teacher’s distributed leadership practices and teachers’ motivation in national primary schools, Asian Social Science Journal (9,16)
Jongjoo, D., & Houston, S., (2009), Participative management concept: The history, theory and practice, UK.
Kagendo, D.A. (2018). Student participation in decision making in secondary schools and its influence on student discipline in Tharaka-Nithi and Nairobi counties, Kenya. Doctoral Dissertation, Kenyatta University.
Kaufman Bruce E. (2001). “Human Resources and Industrial Relations” Commonalities and Differences.” Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 4; pp. 339–74.
Keung, C.C (2002). Teacher Participation in Decision-making of Secondary School. Hong Kong Institute of Education.
Kholil, M. M., & Karwanto. (2021). Peran Kepemimpinan Demokrasi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Jurnal Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(1), 87–97.
Khosiah, S., & Maryani, K. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru PAUD. Journal Golden Age, 4(1), 20–29.
Ko, J., Summons, P., & Bakkum, L. (2013). Effective Teaching: A Review of Research and Evidence. Retrieved November 28, 2014 from http://cdn.cfbt.com/~/media/cfbtcorporate/files/research/2013/r-effective-teaching-2013.pdf
Lahloub, Nariman. Al-Sarayrah, Magda. (2012). Modern educational leadership skills. Gulf House for Publishing and Distribution.
Lee, K. (2015). The Influence of Collective Instructional Leadership on Teacher Efficacy. Theses and Dissertations, Educational Leadership Studies, 12.
Leithwood, K. & Steinback, R. (2013). The concept for school improvement of difference in principals‘problem-solving process (Dim Mock, Clive, Ed.) London: Rutledge.
Lin, J.Y., (2014). Teacher Involvement in School Decision-making. Journal of Studies in Education, (4(3), 123-125.
Louis, K. S., Leithwood, K., & Anderson, S. E. (2010). Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning (p. 338). New York: The Wallace Foundation. http://www.wallacefoundation.org
Miller, K. I., & Monge, P. R. (1986). Participation, satisfaction, and productivity: A meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, 29 (4), 727-753.
Moolenaar, N. (2011). Linking Collaboration Networks, Collective Efficacy, and Student Achievement. Linking Networks and Achievement, 31, 1-44.
Murdoch, L. (2013). An Invertigation of Path-Goal Theory, relationship of Leadership Style, Supervisor-Related Commitment, and Gender. Emerging Leadership Journal (ELJ), 6 (1), 13-44.
Nadarasa, T. (2014). The Influence of Principals’ Leadership Styles on School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction – Studyof Secondary School in Jaffna District. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1–7.
Nadir, M. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru dan Pegawai pada SMP Negeri 3 Pamboang. Jurnal Pendidikan Pepatudzu, 13(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.35329/fkip.v13i2.113.
Nasir, M., Bulu, K., & Shaleh, M. (2021). Tipe Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru. Kelola: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 6(1), 37–50.
Nedeem, B., Ghulam, M. M., Naveed, S., Muhammed, A. & Shaikh, F. M. (2012). The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership styles on job satisfaction among teachers of public and private secondary schools in Lahore. International Business Research 5(2) 195 – 201.
Ngussa, B.M., & Gabriel, L. (2017). Participation in decision-making and teachers’ Commitment: a comparative study between public and private secondary schools in Arusha municipality, Tanzania. Journal of Educational Research, 5(7) 801-807.
Nkwocha, M. A. (2013). Influence of demographic variables and leadership styles on job satisfaction of secondary school principals in Imo State. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis of Imo State University.
Nykodym, N., Longenecker, C.O., & Ruud, W.N. (2008). Improving Quality of Work Life with Transactional Analysis as an Intervention Change Strategy. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 40(4), 395-404.
Ocham, L.A. (2010). Effects of Head Teachers Motivational practices on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Koibatek District, MED. Thesis: University of Nairobi.
Ogbeide, G.A. & Harrington, R.J. (2011). The relationship among participative management style, strategy implementation success, and financial performance in the foodservice industry, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23 (6), 719-738.
Ojukuku, R. M., & Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2014). Effect of Teachers Participation in Decision-making on their commitment, Journal of educational Management, 6(10), 211-233.
Okumbe, J.A. (2008). Educational management: Theory and practice. Nairobi, Kenya; Nairobi University Press.
Olorunsola, E.O. & Olayemi, A.O. (2011). Teachers' participation in the decision-making process in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education Administration and Policy Studies, 3(6), 78-84.
Omobude, M. & U. Igbudu. (2012). “Influence of Teachers Participation in Decision Making on Their Job Performance in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria” in European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Volume 1(5), pp.12-22.
Onyeachu A (1999). Relationship between working conditions and teacher effectiveness in secondary schools in Abia Educational Zone of Abia State. M.Ed. Dissertation, Unpublished, Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Purwanto, A., Bernarto, I., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., & Hyun, C. C. (2020). Effect of transformational and transactional leadership style on public health center performance. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(1), 1-15.
Rabindarang, S., Khuan, W.B. & Khoo, Y.Y. (2015). The influence of distributed leadership on job stress in technical and vocational education, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4 (1), 490-499.
Rahimah, H.A. & Ghavifekr, S. (2014) School leadership for the 21st century: A conceptual overview, Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, Vol.2: 1
Rahman, A., & Subiyantoro, S. (2021). The Leardership Role of School Principals in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v5i1.1805.
Rautiola, J. D. (2009). Effects of Leadership Styles and Student Academic Achievement. Marquette, MI: School Leadership and Academic Achievement, Northern Michigan University.
Rawis, J. A. & Kaligis, J.N. (2017). Teacher participation in decision-making in high school achievement (case study on Negeri 1 Manado). International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention, 6(5), 29-35.
Remigius, F. (2013). “Influence of Teacher’s Participation in Decision Making on Their Job Performance in Public Secondary School in Kilombero District”. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. Tanzania: Open University of Tanzania
Republic of Cameroon. (2001). Ministerial Decree No2001/041 of 19th February 2001 Organizing Public Schools and Colleges, and Defining the Attributions of Schools Officials.
Robbin S, P. (2008). Perilaku Organisas (translated edition), Jakarta: PT. Indeks.
Rosnazirah, A. H. & Hussein, H. A. (2015) Distributed leadership, contextual factor and teachers’ self-efficacy in Malaysia, Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 3 (3), 1- 12.
Rosnazirah, A. H. & Zulkifli, A.M. (2009). The prevalence of distributed leadership in selected secondary schools in Malaysia, paper presented at the 16th National Seminar on Management and Leadership in Education, Aminuddin Baki Institute (IAB)
Rotich, E.J. (2012). The Role of the School Principal in the Implementation of the Free Secondary Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 1 (3), 120-132.
Russamsi, Y., Hadian, H., & Nurlaeli, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dan Peningkatan Profesional Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. MANAGERE: Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 2(3), 244–255. https://doi.org/10.52627/ijeam.v2i3.41.
Saif M. (2012). Effect of the Leadership Styles on the Organisational Commitment Given the Staff Personality Traits. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research Business. 4(1): 247-263.
Salim, S., & Hasanah, E. (2021). Principal Leadership in Developing Al-Qur’an Learning Management. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v5i1.1673.
Salim, Ziyad, and Al-Shaqran, Rami. (2021). The level of awareness of secondary and private school principals in the Wadi Al-Seer district of the concepts of participatory leadership and the degree of their practice of those concepts. Amman Arab University Journal of Research, 1(5), 251-217. http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1156242.
Sanjani, M. A. (2018). Kepemimpinan Demoratis Kepala Sekolah. Jurnal Serunai Administrasi Pendidikan, 7(1), 75–83
Saputra, W., Gistituati, N., & Padang, U. N. (2021). Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(5), 2905–2910.
Shagholi, R. & Hussin, S. (2009). Participatory management: an opportunity for human resources in education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1939–1943. World Conference on Educational Sciences. Singapore.
Silong, A.D. (2009). Participative and Effective Community Leadership Practice in Malaysia. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 5 (1), 139-146.
Smylie, M .A. (1992). Teacher participation in schools decision making: Assessing willingness to participate. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14 (1), 53-67.
Smylie, M. A., Lazarus, V., & Brownlee-Conyers, J. (1996). Instructional outcomes of school-based participative decision making. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 18 (3), 181-198.
Somech, A. (2010). Participative decision making in schools: A mediating-moderating analytical framework for understanding school and teacher outcomes. Educational Administration Quarterly, 46 (2) 174-209.
Somech, A., & Bogler, R. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of teacher organizational and professional commitment. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38 (4), 555-577.
Taylor, D. L., & Bogotch, I. E. (1994). School-level effects of teachers’ participation in decision making. Educational Evaluation of Policy Analysis, 16(3), 302-319.
Tijani, Abdulganiyu Adebayo. (2019). “The Mirage of Leadership Administrative Responsibilities in Nigerian School System” in AL-HIKMAH: Journal of Education, Vol.6, No.1 [June], pp.249-267.
Tseng, D & Kang (2008). The development of technology leadership academies in the USA and from which some implications for school administration in Taiwan. Journal of the National Institute for Complication and Translation, 33(3), 83-95.
Udoh, S.U., & Akpa, G.O. (2007). Educational administration in Nigeria. Theory and Practice. ISBN 978-236-049-X. Short, P.M, Miller-Wood.
Uthman, Khalil Yusuf & Abdul Latif Kassim. (2016). “The Impact of Leadership Styles of Principals and Teachers of Secondary Schools in Kaduna State Nigeria: Using School Environment as a Tool for School Achievement” in International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, Volume 5, Issue 2 [March-April], pp.61-72.
Vernooy, R., Qiu, S. & Jianchu, X. (2006). ‘The power of participatory monitoring and evaluation: insights from south-west China’. Development in Practice, 16(5):400-411.
Wepner, S. B., & Hopkins, D. (2011). Collaborative leadership in action: Partnering for successes in schools. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Yanti, F. (2021). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kompetensi Guru. Kelola: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 6(1), 9–24
Yukl, G. (1989). Managerial leadership: A Review of Theory and Research. Journal of Management, 15(2), 251-289.
Zainuddin, Badrudin, & Haryanti, E. (2020). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Guru. Managere: Indonesian Journal of Educational, 2(3), 346–353.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors retain the copyright and grant this journal right of first publication. This license allows other people to freely share and adapt the work but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. They may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
